Industrial Revolution

(First) Industrial Revolution (Nineteenth century)

Course

· England, 18^th century-early 19^th century

· Belgium, circa 1830

· U.S. and German areas, 1860’s

· Russia, circa 1890

Characteristics

· Coal

· Iron

· steam engine

· heavy industry

· textiles

· transportation- steam ships, railroad

· communication- telegraph (late in the process)

· agricultural advances (machinery, fertilizers, etc.)

Second Industrial Revolution (c. 1870-1914)

Course

· U.S. takes the industrial lead in the world.

· Germany becomes an industrial power.

Characteristics

· oil

· electricity

· steel

· internal combustion engine

· chemistry (ex.- synthetic products, oil processing, etc.)

· science/technology link. Deliberate invention.

· transportation- automobile, airplane

· communication- telephone, radio

Social effects

· Urbanization of European and American populations

· New urban working class

· Working class organizations

· Nuclear family emphasized